Science

Science, Grade 9, Academic (SNC1D)

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This course enables students to develop their understanding of basic concepts in biology,

chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and to relate science to technology, society,

and the environment. Throughout the course, students will develop their skills in the processes

of scientific investigation. Students will acquire an understanding of scientific theories and conduct investigations related to sustainable ecosystems; atomic and molecular structures and the properties of elements and compounds; the study of the universe and its properties and

components; and the principles of electricity.

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Prerequisite: None

Science, Grade 10, Academic (SNC2D)

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This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology,

chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between

science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to

further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations

and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells

and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base

reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

Prerequisite: Grade 9 Science, Academic or Applied

Science, Grade 12, University/ College (SNC4M)

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This course enables students, including those pursuing postsecondary programs outside the

sciences, to increase their understanding of science and contemporary social and

environmental issues in health-related fields. Students will explore a variety of medical

technologies, pathogens and disease, nutritional science, public health issues, and

biotechnology. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study and

helps refine students’ scientific investigation skills.

Prerequisite: Grade 10 Science, Academic, or any Grade 11 university, university/college, or

college preparation course in science

Biology

Biology, Grade 11, University (SBI3U) 

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This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation. 

Prerequisite: Grade 10 Science, Academic

Biology, Grade 12, University (SBI4U) 

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This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and

processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct

investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics,

homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of

detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

Prerequisite: Grade 11 Biology, University Preparation

Chemistry

Chemistry, Grade 11, University (SCH3U) 

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This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of the properties of chemicals and chemical bonds; chemical reactions and quantitative relationships in those reactions; solutions and solubility; and atmospheric chemistry and the behaviour of gases. Students will further develop their analytical skills and investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of matter, as well as the impact of some common chemical reactions on society and the environment. 

Prerequisite: Grade 10 Science, Academic

Chemistry, Grade 12, University (SCH4U) 

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This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, the structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, equilibrium in chemical systems, and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and investigation skills as they investigate chemical processes, and will refine their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in everyday life and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment. 

Prerequisite: Grade 11 Chemistry, University Preparation

Physics

Physics, Grade 11, University (SPH3U) 

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This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore kinematics, with an emphasis on linear motion; different kinds of forces; energy transformations; the properties of mechanical waves and sound; and electricity and magnetism. They will enhance their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics. In addition, they will analyze the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment. 

Prerequisite: Grade 10 Science, Academic

Physics, Grade 12, University (SPH4U) 

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This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyse, qualitatively and quantitatively, data related to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment. 

Prerequisite: Grade 11 Physics, University Preparation